![]() ![]() In the structural formula to the left, we are only seeing a two-dimensional approximation of this molecule. Keep in mind, however, that atoms and molecules, just like everything else in the universe, exist in three dimensions-they have length and width, as well as depth. You have a positively charged potassium and you have a negativelyĬharged chlorine, which we would call a chloride.From both of these structural formulas, we can see that the central nitrogen atom is connected to each hydrogen atom by a single covalent bond. You could refer to it various ways, but this is potassium chloride. Here is just one-for-one, this is going to be one plus so you know that you'reĭealing with a potassium cation and you could say and a chloride So if this one over here is one minus, then you know this over With an ionic compound and if the chlorine hasĪ negative one charge, an ionic compound, the whole thing is gonna be neutral. Similar for potassium? Well, the way the convention works is if someone says potassium chloride, you know you're dealing Part, you say okay, this is going to be an anion because instead of writing chlorine which is the name of this element, I wrote this IDE at the end to say, "Hey, this is an anion," so I know that this is theĬhlorine anion, this is chloride, why didn't I do something Now you might be saying, "Well, I just," Let me rewrite the whole thing. Here would be described as potassium chloride. Would form, we would write as, you'd write your positive ion first and then you would With potassium having a positive one charge or one plus charge and this having a negative charge, they're going to beĪttracted to each other and they can actuallyįorm an ionic compound. ![]() This the chlorine anion, we would call this chloride. ![]() Generally refer to an anion, a negatively charged ion, instead of just calling When chlorine grabs an electron, it will be a negatively charged ion, so you could write itĪs Chlorine one minus, but the way that we And so let's say we'reĭealing with chlorine, and chlorine is able to ionize. They would love to have eight, so they tend to be really So things in group, in the halides, which is this column right over here. We could refer to thisĪs a potassium cation. Just as a potassium ion, we could refer to thisĪs potassium one plus. I could write it just like this, we've seen that in previous videos and we can refer to this Where I have some potassium that has been ionized. Tend to lose an electron and become a cation, a positive ion. Is their outermost shell has one electron in it. Now things in group one here, one way to think about In this first column, thisįirst column is often known as alkali metals. Some practice now thinking about how ions typically form, how they might form compounds and how we name those compounds. The IUPAC allows both names, but chose K for the symbol in reference to the German kalium name. Nowadays English and French speaking countries primarily use potassium for the name, while other countries including Germany use kalium. In 1809 German chemist Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert proposed the name Kalium as an alternative to Davy’s which was more in line with in earlier German chemist, Martin Klaprot, who proposed the name kali in 1797, again in reference to alkali. The actual potassium salts are obtained by allowing the water to evaporate which leaves behind the salt. The water solution with potassium compounds is slightly basic, which also explains the connection of alkali and basicity. The idea is that you would take plant ashes, like wood, and dissolve the water soluble potassium compounds in water in a pot, hence the name pot ash. The name potassium itself goes back to original Arabic meaning and the original way of obtaining potassium. In 1807, British chemist Humphry Davy isolated potassium by electrolysis and named it potassium which derived from the earlier name of pot ash (he added the –ium suffix because it’s a metal). The symbol for potassium, K, comes from the Arabic kali, which comes from the root word alkali, al-qalyah in Arabic, which means plant ashes. ![]()
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